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An Awareness of What Is Best
and Most Beautiful |
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During May 1974, the noted Irish
poet Desmond James Bernard O 'Grady visited Srila Prabhupada at
his quarters in Rome, and the two had a lengthy and lively
discussion. Among other things, the spiritual leader and the
poet discussed personal identity and individual duty, putting an
end to war, modern education and its problems, life beyond time,
and the essential nature of love.
Mr. O'Grady: Your edition of the
Bhagavad-gita is very nice.
Srila Prabhupada: It is the fifth edition in two years. Mr. O'Grady: In which country has the Hare Krsna movement been the most successful? Srila Prabhupada: Everywhere. In Africa, America, Canada, Japan, China. But actually it has been most successful in America. Many Americans have taken to Krsna consciousness. Mr. O'Grady: What about here in Rome? Have you had problems with the police? Srila Prabhupada: We have problems everywhere. Police sometimes harass us, but usually they become tired and eventually don't do anything. [Laughter.] Mr. O'Grady: The system give up? That's marvelous. I feel very tired of the system myself. Something is wrong with the present state of affairs. Maybe you can give me some advice on how to beat the system. Srila Prabhupada: You Irish people! You are never tired of fighting. Mr. O'Grady: No. [Laughter.] It's inside us. Srila Prabhupada: Actually, the fighting has been going on constantly. Mr. O'Grady: Well, what do you suggest we do about it? I mean, is it morally correct for me to be sitting here... Srila Prabhupada: As long as we remain illusioned by the bodily conception of life, thinking we are these bodies, one man thinking "I am Irish," another thinking "I am Italian," "... American," "... Indian," and so on--as long as this goes on, the fighting will go on. You cannot stop fighting between dogs and cats. Why do they fight? The dog simply thinks, "I am a big dog." And the cat thinks, "I am a big cat." In the same way, if we think, "I am an Irishman" or "I am an Englishman," then we are no better than the cats and dogs. As long as people remain in a bodily conception of life, there will be fighting. Mr. O'Grady: What was Mahatma Gandhi fighting in the House of Commons? Srila Prabhupada: That was another dog-ism. There is no difference. A dog thinks, "I am a dog," because he has the body of a dog. If I am thinking that I am Indian because this body was born on Indian soil, then how am I different from the dog? The bodily conception of life is simply animalism. When we understand that we are not these bodies but are spirit souls, there will be peace. There cannot be any peace otherwise. Sa eva go-kharah. The Vedic literatures state that a person in the bodily concept of life is exactly like a cow or an ass. People have to transcend this inferior conception of the self. How is that done?
mam ca yo 'vyabhicarena
bhakti-yogena sevate sa gunan samatityaitan brahma-bhuyaya kalpate
"One who engages in the spiritual
activities of unalloyed devotional service at once transcends
the modes of material nature and is elevated to the spiritual
platform." (Bhagavad-gita 14.25)
In our society, there are many Mexicans, Canadians, Indians, Jews, and Muslims, but they no longer consider themselves Muslims, Christians, Jews, or whatever. They are all servants of Krsna. That is Brahman realization. Mr. O'Grady: That's giving it a name also. Srila Prabhupada: Yes, a name must be there. But although, for example, your name is different from that of another Irishman, you nonetheless all feel that you are Irish. One's name may be different, but that doesn't matter. The quality should be one. That is required. When we acquire Krsna's quality, then, despite different names, there will be peace. That is called so 'ham. The names of different people in a nation may be different, but all the people feel the same nationality. Varieties may exist, but if the quality is the same, that is oneness, brahma-bhuta.
brahma-bhutah
prasannatma
na socati na kanksati samah sarvesu bhutesu mad-bhaktim labhate param
"One who is thus transcendentally
situated at once realizes the Supreme Brahman. He never laments
nor desires to have anything; he is equally disposed to every
living entity. In that state he attains pure devotional service
unto Me." (Bg. 18.54)
This world is miserable for the materially infected person, but for the devotee, the entire world is as good as Vaikuntha. For the impersonalist, achieving the Brahman stage, becoming one with the Absolute, is the last word. Mr. O'Grady: Is the Absolute external or internal? Srila Prabhupada: There is no external or internal. The Absolute is without duality. Mr. O'Grady: OK, but on an individual level... Srila Prabhupada: We are not absolute. When we are situated on the absolute platform, we are absolute. However, now we are in the relative world. The Absolute Truth is here also, but our senses are not sufficiently elevated to understand that Absolute Truth. As long as we are under the control of time, there is no question of becoming absolute. Mr. O'Grady: So "absolute" means life beyond time? Srila Prabhupada: That is stated in the Bhagavad-gita (4.9):
janma karma ca
me divyam
evam yo vetti tattvatah tyaktva deham punar janma naiti mam eti so 'rjuna
"One who knows the transcendental
nature of My appearance and activities does not, upon leaving
the body, take his birth again in this material world, but
attains My eternal abode, O Arjuna."
That is absolute--going back home, back to Godhead. As long as one is in the material world and identifies with this body, he transmigrates from one body to another. That is not absolute. This is clearly stated here. When one goes back to the spiritual world, he attains the absolute position. Mr. O'Grady: All right, but this is my question: Is it sufficient for us to sit here--you sitting there and we as friends sitting with you engaging in the gentle art of conversation, while across the ocean... Srila Prabhupada: The point you have missed is that although you are sitting in one place and I am sitting in a different place, this difference does not affect our actual existence. We are both human beings. The conceptions of "Irishman," " Englishman," "Protestant," "Catholic," and so on are but different dresses. One has to become free from these designations. When one is thus free, he becomes purified.
sarvopadhi-vinirmuktam
tat-paratvena nirmalam hrsikena hrsikesa- sevanam bhaktir ucyate
(Bhakti-rasamrta-sindhu
1.1.12)
When you have purified your senses and engaged those purified senses in the service of the master of the senses, Krsna, you have perfected your life. That is nonduality, and that is absolute. Mr. O'Grady: But the system insists that you think yourself American or Indian or African or whatever. Srila Prabhupada: Yes. Materialistic society means duality. Mr. O'Grady: But that is unavoidable. How can you avoid material existence? Srila Prabhupada: That is possible in Krsna consciousness. The lotus lives in the water but never touches the water. Mr. O'Grady: I don't think you can explain situations in one area with metaphors from another. How can you argue political problems in terms of vague spiritual concepts? Their nature is completely different. Srila Prabhupada: Sometimes a variety of examples helps us to understand or appreciate the problem better. In the vase there is a variety of flowers, and that variety helps us better appreciate the idea of flowers. From any point of view, Krsna can resolve all problems. Why just the problems of Irishmen or Englishmen? All problems. That is called unity in diversity. Our students come from different backgrounds, but because they are all in Krsna consciousness, they are unified. Mr. O'Grady: Very good. Yes, I accept that. I would like to know, though, that when you say "Krsna consciousness," is there any difference between that and Christ consciousness? Srila Prabhupada: No, there is no difference. Christ came to preach the message of God. If you actually become Christ conscious, you become Krsna conscious. Mr. O'Grady: And does becoming Krsna conscious or God conscious mean becoming self-conscious? That is, conscious of who we really are? Srila Prabhupada: Yes, God consciousness includes self-consciousness, but self-consciousness is not necessarily God consciousness. Mr. O'Grady: But it may be? Srila Prabhupada: No. Mr. O'Grady: One may achieve consciousness of the God that is within. Srila Prabhupada: That means he is God conscious. You are now in the sunlight, and consciousness of the sun includes your ability to see yourself. In the darkness you cannot see yourself. At night you can't even see your own hands or legs, but if you come before the sun, you see the sun and yourself also. Without sunlight, without God consciousness, self-consciousness is incomplete. However, God consciousness makes self-consciousness very clear. Mr. O'Grady: We meet a lot of young people in our teaching profession, and we don't try to teach them any kind of didactic salvation. We do try to direct them toward an awareness of what is best and what is most beautiful and what is most spiritually nourishing in the world about them--that is, insofar as the system allows us. Very frequently the students are not neutral enough to be in a spiritual condition; they are more in an emotional one. What we are faced with often is the basic question of "Who am I?" or, "What is it all about?" Srila Prabhupada: Yes. Mr. O'Grady: Or they ask, "Why am I here?" Srila Prabhupada: Yes, very good. Mr. O'Grady: We are asked, "Why should I be here? Who are you, teacher, and what gives you the right to tell us what to think or what to be or what not to be? Why should I read Shakespeare? Why should I listen to Mozart? I prefer Bob Dylan." These kind of questions seem to emanate from a very disillusioned state of mind, and insecurity, and uncertainty, and a lack of credibility in the total structure of things as they are. Frequently we have to answer these questions in a cataclysmic sort of way. Rather than presenting direct answers, we must answer indirectly, taking account of the conditioning that prompted students to ask these questions in the first place. Do you think that we should try to reach them more directly? Srila Prabhupada: You are talking about the problem of... Mr. O'Grady: Modern education. Srila Prabhupada: Yes. So many questions are there, but they are not answered by modern education. "Why have I come here? What is the purpose?" These questions should be answered perfectly. Therefore the Vedas enjoin: tad-vijnanartham sa gurum evabhigacchet. To find answers to all these questions, one must approach a bona fide spiritual master. Mr. O'Grady: What if you have none? What if we are told that Mr. Nixon is the bona fide spiritual master? What do we do? Srila Prabhupada: No, no. [Laughter.] There is a standard for bona fide spiritual masters. You have only heard one line of the verse. Who is the spiritual master? That is the next line: srotriyam brahma-nistham. The word srotriyam refers to one who has heard from another bona fide source. A spiritual master is he who has taken the message from another qualified spiritual master. This is just like a medical man who has taken the knowledge of medical science from another medical man. Similarly, the bona fide spiritual master must come in a line of successive spiritual masters. The original spiritual master is God. Mr. O'Grady: Yes. Granted. Srila Prabhupada: One who has heard from God explains the same message to his disciples. If the disciple doesn't change the message, he is a bona fide spiritual master. That is our process. We take lessons by hearing from Krsna, God, and from Him understand who is perfect. Or we hear from His representative, who does not contradict Krsna and who has realized His message. It is not that we speak one thing and do all nonsense. One who does so is not a spiritual master. Mr. O'Grady: Now there's my poor old father, living west of Ireland. A simple old man, seventy-eight years now, your generation. He has gotten to the point at his age where he says, "They tell me, the priests, they tell me ultimately that it's God who knows. But I want to know who told God." Then he comes to me and says, "You went to school, and you read books. Tell me, who told God?" So I have no answer. That is the difference between seventy-eight and thirty-nine years. Srila Prabhupada: No, it is not a difference of age. The difference is knowledge. In the Brahma-sutra the question is raised: Who is God? First of all there is this question. Mr. O'Grady: Who taught God? Srila Prabhupada: No. First of all there is the question who is God. Then we shall ask who taught God. The Vedanta-sutra says, athato brahma jijnasa: now we should inquire who is God. Unless you know who God is, how can you raise the question of who instructed God? If you don't know God, the question does not arise who instructed God. Is this not so? Mr. O'Grady: Yes. Srila Prabhupada: Who God is, is explained in the Brahma-sutra. Janmady asya yatah: God is He from whom everything emanates. That is God--the Supreme Being from whom everything emanates. Now, what is the nature of that Supreme Being? Is He a dead stone or a living entity? That is also explained. Janmady asya yato 'nvayad itaratas carthesv abhijnah svarat (Srimad-Bhagavatam 1.1.1): the Supreme Being is fully cognizant of everything, directly and indirectly. Unless He is fully cognizant of everything, He cannot be God. Then the question that you raised comes, Who taught God? And that is also answered. Svarat: He is fully independent. He does not need to take lessons from anyone. That is God. If one needs to take lessons from others, he is not God. Krsna spoke the Bhagavad-gita, and He did not have to learn it from anyone. I had to learn it from my spiritual master, but Krsna did not have to learn it from anyone. One who does not need to take lessons from others is God. Mr. O'Grady: Where does human love come in? Srila Prabhupada: Everything is coming from God. Being part and parcel of God, we manifest partial love because the original love is there in Him. Nothing can exist if it is not in God; therefore love is there in God. Mr. O'Grady: And manifestations of love are manifestations of God? Srila Prabhupada: Unless the loving propensity is there in God, how can we manifest it? A son born of a particular father has the symptoms of the father. Because the loving propensity is in God, we have that same propensity. Mr. O'Grady: Maybe love is generated in you by the need. Srila Prabhupada: No, there is no question of "maybe." We are defining God in absolute terms. Janmady asya yatah: God is He from whom everything has emanated. The fighting propensity is also there in God, but His fighting and His loving are absolute. In the material world we experience that fighting is just the opposite of loving, but in God the fighting propensity and the loving propensity are one and the same. That is the meaning of "absolute." We learn from the Vedic scriptures that when the so-called enemies of God are killed by God, they attain liberation. Mr. O'Grady: Is it possible to arrive at this understanding of God alone? Srila Prabhupada: No. Therefore we have cited this verse: tad-vijnanartham sa gurum evabhigacchet. The word abhigacchet means "must." It is not possible alone. In Sanskrit grammar this is called the vidhilin form of a verb, and this form is used when there is no choice. The word abhigacchet means that one must approach a guru. That is the Vedic version. Therefore in the Bhagavad-gita you will find that Arjuna was talking to Krsna, but when he saw that things were not being resolved, he surrendered himself to Krsna and accepted Him as his guru.
karpanya-dosopahata-svabhavah
prcchami tvam dharma-sammudha-cetah yac chreyah syan niscitam bruhi tan me sisyas te 'ham sadhi mam tvam prapannam
"Now I am confused about my duty
and have lost all composure because of weakness. In this
condition I am asking You to tell me clearly what is best for
me. Now I am Your disciple, and a soul surrendered unto You.
Please instruct me." (Bg. 2.7) So here we can see that Arjuna is
confused about his duty.
Mr. O'Grady: Is this duty to the self, to others, or to the state? Srila Prabhupada: A soldier's duty is to fight with the enemy. Arjuna was a soldier, and Krsna advised him, "The opposite party is your enemy, and you are a soldier. Why are you trying to be nonviolent? This is not good." Then Arjuna said, "Actually, I am confused. In this confusion I cannot make the right decision. I therefore accept You as my spiritual master. Please give me the proper lesson." In a chaotic condition, in a confused state of life, one should approach another, who is in full knowledge of the matter. You go to a lawyer to solve legal problems, and you go to a physician to solve medical problems. Everyone in the material world is confused about spiritual identity. It is therefore our duty to approach a bona fide spiritual master, who can give us real knowledge. Mr. O'Grady: I am very confused. Srila Prabhupada: So you must approach a spiritual master. Mr. O'Grady: And he makes a decision on how to help me stop this confusion? Srila Prabhupada: Yes, the spiritual master is one who solves all confusion. If the spiritual master cannot save his disciple from confusion, he is not a spiritual master. That is the test.
samsara-davanala-lidha-loka-
tranaya karunya-ghanaghanatvam praptasya kalyana-gunarnavasya vande guroh sri-caranaravindam
This whole confused world is just
like a blazing forest fire. In a forest fire all the animals are
confused. They do not know where to go to save their lives. In
the blazing fire of the material world, everyone is confused.
How can that blazing forest fire be extinguished? It is not
possible to utilize your man-made fire brigade, nor is it
possible to simply pour buckets of water. The solution comes
when rain from the clouds falls on the forest fire. Only then
can the fire be extinguished. That ability is not in your hands,
but is in the mercy of God. So, human society is in a confused
state, and it cannot find a solution. The spiritual master is
one who has received the mercy of God, and he can deliver the
solution to the confused man. One who has received the mercy of
God can become a spiritual master and deliver that mercy to
others.
Mr. O'Grady: The problem is to find this spiritual master. Srila Prabhupada: That is not the problem. The problem is whether you are sincere. You have problems, but God is within your heart. Isvarah sarva-bhutanam. God is not far away. If you are sincere, God sends you a spiritual master. Therefore God is also called caitya-guru, the spiritual master within the heart. God helps from within and from without. Everything is thus described in the Bhagavad-gita. This material body is like a machine, but within the heart is the soul, and with the soul is the Supersoul, Krsna, who gives directions. The Lord says, "You wanted to do this; now here is the chance. Go and do it." If you are sincere, you say, "Now, God, I want You." Then He will give you directions. "Yes, now you come and get Me like this." This is His kindness. However, if we want something else, that is all right. We can have it. God is very kind. When I want something, He is in my heart directing me and telling me how to have it. So why should He not give directions on how to have a spiritual master? First of all we must again be eager to revive our God consciousness. Then God will give us a spiritual master. Mr. O'Grady: Thank you very much. Srila Prabhupada: Thank you very much. My request to you is this. You are a poet. Just describe God. You are expert in describing, and therefore I ask you to kindly describe God in your occupation. Then your life will be successful. And if one hears you, his life will also be successful. That is the injunction:
idam hi pumsas
tapasah srutasya va
svistasya suktasya ca buddhi-dattayoh avicyuto 'rthah kavibhir nirupito yad uttamasloka-gunanuvarnanam
(Srimad-Bhagavatam
1.5.22)
There are many leaders in society who are poets, scientists, religionists, philosophers, politicians, and so on. Those who are so expert are given this injunction: Your duty is to perfect your occupation by describing the glories of the Supreme Being. Mr. O'Grady: My experience is that, for some extraordinary reason, one is chosen to do a particular thing. Srila Prabhupada: That reason is given here. Avicyutah. The infallible choice is this: "Let them describe the glories of the Lord." Mr. O'Grady: But you were saying that the spiritual master is chosen. The spiritual master, the poet, the priest, is chosen by God. This person is chosen to write poems or paint pictures or make music. Srila Prabhupada: So when you compose music, compose music about God. That is your perfection. Mr. O'Grady: When one works for God in his line, then his line becomes his perfection? Srila Prabhupada: Yes. Mr. O'Grady: Thank you very much. |